General risks include:
- Infection (especially in cartilage piercings other than the lobe)
- In the US, The National Institute of Health (NIH) has identified piercing as a possible vector for blood borne hepatitis transmission. Diseases (e.g., hepatitis B, tetanus, localised tuberculosis) have been associated with ear piercing, and cases of endocarditis have been linked to both nose and ear piercing.
- Disfiguration
- This is can be because of infection, or the misuse of equipment.
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